在学术论文写作中，Discussion 部分起着至关重要的作用，它是作者对研究结果进行深入分析和讨论的部分。然而，很多作者在撰写 Discussion 时容易陷入一些误区，导致文章难以获得审稿人的认可。实际上，审稿人希望看到的不是 “完美”，而是 “合理解释 + 文献比较”。下面我们来看看 Discussion 部分最容易 “翻车”的三种写法。
“总结型”“拔高型”“逃避型” Discussion 举例
“总结型” Discussion
“总结型” Discussion 往往只是简单地重复 Results 部分的内容，没有对研究结果进行深入的分析和讨论。例如，在一篇关于植物生长的研究中，作者在 Discussion 部分只是再次罗列了不同处理条件下植物的生长指标，如株高、叶片数等，而没有探讨这些结果背后的原因，也没有与已有研究进行比较。这种写法让审稿人觉得作者缺乏对研究的深入思考，Discussion 部分失去了其应有的价值。
“拔高型” Discussion
“拔高型” Discussion 则是过度夸大研究的意义和价值。作者可能会声称自己的研究解决了该领域的所有问题，或者具有极其广泛的应用前景，但却没有提供足够的证据支持。比如，在一项关于新型材料的研究中，作者在 Discussion 中宣称该材料将彻底改变整个行业的发展，但实际上研究只是在实验室规模下进行的初步探索，距离实际应用还有很大的差距。这种不切实际的 “拔高” 会让审稿人对研究的可信度产生怀疑。
“逃避型” Discussion
“逃避型” Discussion 表现为作者回避研究中存在的问题和局限性。当研究结果与预期不符或者存在一些无法解释的现象时，作者没有对这些情况进行认真的分析和讨论，而是选择视而不见。例如，在一项临床试验中，部分患者出现了不良反应，但作者在 Discussion 中没有提及这一情况，也没有对其原因进行探讨。这种 “逃避” 行为会让审稿人认为作者缺乏科学的严谨性。
审稿人喜欢哪类讨论？
审稿人希望在 Discussion 部分看到作者对研究结果进行合理解释，并与已有文献进行比较。他们并不追求 “完美” 的研究，而是更看重作者对研究中出现的问题和现象进行客观、理性的分析。
合理解释
作者需要对研究结果进行深入的分析，解释为什么会出现这样的结果。这可能涉及到对研究机制的探讨，例如在生物学研究中，解释某种药物的作用机制。通过合理解释，审稿人可以更好地理解研究的科学性和可靠性。
文献比较
将自己的研究结果与已有文献进行比较是 Discussion 部分的重要内容。作者需要指出自己的研究与前人研究的相同点和不同点，并分析其原因。如果研究结果与已有文献存在差异，作者需要给出合理的解释。例如，在一项心理学研究中，如果自己的研究结果与以往研究不同，作者可以从研究方法、样本特征等方面进行分析。
坦诚叙述局限性
任何研究都存在一定的局限性，审稿人希望作者能够坦诚地面对这些局限性，并对其进行讨论。这不仅显示了作者的科学态度，还为后续的研究提供了方向。例如，作者可以指出研究样本的局限性、研究方法的不足等，并说明这些局限性对研究结果可能产生的影响。
Discussion 模板与表达建议
English Template for the Discussion Section in an SCI Paper
Introduction
Briefly recap the main findings of the study to guide readers to quickly recall the core content of the research and pave the way for in - depth discussion.
"This study aimed to [research objective], and the main finding was [main result]. These results provide new insights into [research field]."
"In this [type of research], we observed [main result], which may have significant implications for [related field]."
Interpretation of Results
Conduct an in - depth analysis of the research results, explaining the reasons and underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating the scientific nature and depth of the study.
Interpretation of a single result
"[Specific result] may be due to [reason 1], which is consistent with [related theory or previous study]. Additionally, [reason 2] may also have influenced this result. For example, [give an example to illustrate the influence of reason 2]."
"The occurrence of [result] might be attributed to [physiological, chemical, or physical mechanism]. From the perspective of [related principle], [explain in detail how the mechanism leads to the result]."
Interpretation of multiple related results
"There is a [relationship description, such as positive correlation or negative correlation] between [result 1] and [result 2], which may be because of [common influencing factors or internal mechanism]. For instance, in [previous relevant research], similar associations were reported. [Cite relevant literature]. In this study, [explain how the common factor affects the two results]."
"[Result 3] and [result 4] show a [relationship]. It may be because [different mechanisms interact]. On the one hand, [mechanism 1] promotes the occurrence of [result 3]; on the other hand, [mechanism 2] leads to [result 4], and these two mechanisms [describe the specific interaction mode]."
Comparison with Previous Studies
Compare the results of this study with existing literature in detail to clarify the innovation and contribution of this research, and reflect the value and status of the study.
When results are consistent
"The [result] of this study is consistent with the findings of [previous study 1], further confirming [related theory or view]. For example, [previous study 1] obtained [similar result] through [their research method], and this study also reached the same conclusion using [this study's method], indicating the reliability and universality of [this result]."
"[Result] is in line with the results of [multiple previous studies, list the references]. These studies jointly support [a general view or theory], suggesting that in [research field], [this result] has a certain degree of stability and reproducibility."
When results are different
"However, the [result] of this study differs from [previous study 2]. [Previous study 2] suggested [their view], while this study found [this study's result]. This difference may be due to [differences in research methods, such as sample selection or experimental conditions] or [different characteristics of the research objects, such as species differences or population characteristics]. For example, [explain in detail the possible reasons for the difference]."
"There is a difference between the results of this study and [previous study 3]. [Previous study 3] got [their result], while this study presented [this study's result]. This may be because [this study introduced new factors or variables] that were not considered in [previous study 3]. Further analysis shows that [explain how the new factor affects the result]."
Significance and Contribution of the Study
Explain the important theoretical and practical significance of this study, and emphasize its promoting effect on the development of relevant fields.
Theoretical significance
"The results of this study provide new evidence for [related theory], enriching and expanding [the theoretical system]. For example, [explain how the research results supplement or modify the existing theory]. This helps to deepen our understanding of [research topic] and lays a foundation for subsequent theoretical research."
"This study reveals [new theoretical relationship or mechanism], challenging the traditional [old theory or view]. This discovery will prompt scholars to re - examine the research direction in [related field] and provide new ideas for theoretical innovation and development."
Practical significance
"In practice, the results of this study have important application value. [Result] can provide guidance for [practical application scenario, such as clinical treatment or industrial production]. For example, in [specific application scenario], we can take [specific practical measures] based on [research result], thereby improving [practical effect, such as treatment success rate or production efficiency]."
"This study provides a new approach and method for [solving practical problems]. Through the application of [research result], [actual situation, such as environmental quality or social problem] can be effectively improved. This has a positive promoting effect on the development of [related industry or field]."
Limitations of the Study
Objectively acknowledge the deficiencies in the study, show a scientific and rigorous attitude, and provide directions for subsequent research.
- "This study has certain limitations. Firstly, the [characteristics of the research sample, such as size or representativeness] may limit the universality of the results. Future research can expand the sample size and cover a wider range of [sample characteristics] to improve the reliability and applicability of the results."
- "Secondly, the [research method] used in this study may have [limitations of the method, such as measurement error or inability to fully reflect the actual situation]. Subsequent research can try to use [other more advanced or comprehensive research methods] to further verify and expand the results of this study."
- "In addition, this study only focused on [research scope] and did not consider [other factors that may affect the results]. Future research can comprehensively consider these factors and conduct more in - depth and comprehensive research."
Future Research Directions
Based on the limitations of the study and the deficiencies in the current research, put forward forward - looking future research suggestions to point out the direction for subsequent research.
- "Future research can be carried out in the following aspects. On the one hand, further in - depth research can be conducted on [unsolved problems or mechanisms], using [more advanced technologies or methods] to reveal [the essence of relevant phenomena]. For example, using [new technology] to study [specific problem] is expected to obtain more accurate results."
- "On the other hand, multi - center and large - scale studies can be carried out to verify the universality of the results of this study and explore [changes in results under different conditions]. In addition, interdisciplinary research combining [research results from other relevant fields] may bring new breakthroughs to [research topic]."
- "Moreover, research on [expansion of practical application of research results] can be carried out, applying the results of this study to more [practical scenarios] and evaluating its [practical impact]."
表达建议
- 使用清晰、准确的语言，避免使用模糊或歧义的词汇。
- 引用相关的文献来支持自己的观点，增强论证的可信度。
- 保持客观、理性的态度，避免过度夸大或缩小研究的意义。
- 按照逻辑顺序组织内容，使 Discussion 部分层次分明、条理清晰。
总之，在撰写 Discussion 部分时，作者要避免 “总结型”“拔高型”“逃避型” 等容易 “翻车”的写法，采用基于比较、机制与局限性的 “坦诚叙述” 方式，遵循合理的模板和表达建议，这样才能提高文章的质量，获得审稿人的认可。
