有研究已经表明，认真回应审稿意见的大修稿件在Nature系列期刊中有较高的接受概率。例如，Nature Microbiology的数据显示，86%的接受稿件在两轮或更少的评审后发表，表明认真修改能显著提高录用率。这其实不仅仅适用Nature系列期刊，所有期刊都是一样的。
一封精心撰写的回复信不仅能展现你对审稿意见的认真态度，还能大大提高论文被录用的机会。
昨天我们写了小修回复信的模板，今天我们就手把手教你如何撰写一封清晰、礼貌且专业的大修回复信，特别适合初次投稿的科研人员。
回复信的整体结构
大修回复信和小修一样通常分为两部分：正式的信函部分和对审稿意见的逐条回复部分。这两部分相辅相成，既要体现专业性，又要展现你对审稿工作的尊重。
正式信函部分
这部分是写给编辑的正式信件，篇幅不宜过长，但需要涵盖以下核心内容：
- 感谢编辑和审稿人：开篇需表达对编辑组织审稿以及审稿人提供意见的感激之情。语气要真诚，体现尊重。例如，可以写：
- Dear Editor,
We sincerely thank you for coordinating the review process of our manuscript, [Manuscript Title], and express our deep gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable and insightful comments. These suggestions have significantly improved the quality of our paper. - 概述修改情况：简要说明你对审稿意见的整体处理情况，比如接受了大部分建议或针对某些意见进行了深入修改。可以这样表达：
- In response to the reviewers’ comments, we have made substantial revisions to the manuscript, including [briefly mention key changes, e.g., restructuring Section X, adding new data in Section Y]. All changes are highlighted using tracked changes in the revised manuscript for your convenience.
- 表达信心：在信的结尾，礼貌地表达对修改后论文质量的信心，同时保持谦逊。例如：
- We believe that these revisions have significantly strengthened the manuscript, and we hope it now meets the standards for publication in [Journal Name].
- 署名和联系方式：信末需写上你的姓名、单位、邮寄地址和邮箱，确保编辑能方便联系你。例如：
- Yours sincerely,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Affiliation]
[Postal Address]
[Email Address]
为了便于编辑和审稿人审阅，建议明确提到修改稿已使用“跟踪更改”（tracked changes）或以不同颜色标注修改部分。
逐条回复部分
这部分是对审稿意见的详细回应，通常放在信函后，另起一页。你需要逐条列出每位审稿人的意见，并清晰说明你的修改或理由。以下是撰写技巧：
- 保持礼貌和专业：即使不同意某条意见，也要用客观的语气回应，避免争辩。例如：
- Thank you for this suggestion. While we appreciate the reviewer’s perspective, we believe that [explain rationale, e.g., the current approach is more suitable due to…]. We have clarified this in the revised manuscript.
- 结构清晰：每条意见后紧跟你的回应，建议用不同颜色（如红色）标注回复内容，以区分审稿意见和你的回应。回应时，先简要复述意见，再说明修改或理由。例如：
- Reviewer 1, Comment 1: The introduction lacks a clear definition of [term].
Response: We agree with the reviewer’s comment and have added a clear definition of [term] in the introduction (see page X, line Y). Thank you for this suggestion. - 具体而详尽：如果部分同意或解释：如果审稿人建议补充实验、文献或分析，需详细说明你的修改。例如：
- Reviewer 2, Comment 3: The discussion should include a comparison with [Study X].
Response: Thank you for this insightful comment. We have added a paragraph in the discussion section (page X, lines Y-Z) comparing our findings with [Study X], highlighting [specific points]. A reference to [Study X] has also been included. - 回应所有意见：即使是小的拼写或格式问题，也要逐一回应。例如：
- Reviewer 1, Comment 5: Typographical error in “analyzis” on page X.
Response: Thank you for catching this error. The word “analyzis” has been corrected to “analysis” on page X, line Y.
实用英文表达
以下是一些在回复信中常用的英文表达，供你参考。这些表达既礼貌又专业，能帮助你快速应对不同类型的审稿意见：
- 同意并修改：
- This is an excellent point. We have revised [specific section] as suggested (see page X, line Y).
Thank you for this suggestion. We have incorporated [specific change] to address this comment. - 部分同意或解释：
- We appreciate the reviewer’s suggestion to [specific suggestion]. However, due to [reason, e.g., experimental constraints], we have instead [alternative action]. This is clarified on page X, line Y.
Thank you for raising this concern. We believe [explain rationale], but to address this comment, we have added [specific clarification] in [section]. - 感谢审稿人：
- We are grateful for this insightful comment, which has strengthened our manuscript.
Thank you for pointing this out. This change has improved the clarity of our paper.
注意事项
撰写大修回复信时，细节决定成败。语气需始终保持谦逊而自信，避免因急于辩解而显得对抗或情绪化。研究表明，编辑和审稿人更倾向于接受态度积极、回应详尽的修改稿。
语言质量同样不可忽视。由于回复信全程用英文撰写，语法错误或表达不清可能削弱编辑对论文的信心。建议使用语言润色工具（如Rubriq-比GPT4还好的润色工具）或请英语水平较高的同事审校，确保回复信语言流畅。
修改稿与回复信的一致性也至关重要。如果在回复信中提到在某页某行添加了内容，需确保修改稿中确实有对应改动。任何不一致都可能导致编辑或审稿人对修改的认真程度产生质疑。
最后，时间管理是成功的关键。大修通常有严格的截止日期，平均为4-8周。尽早完成修改和回复信的撰写，预留至少2-3天用于检查和润色，能有效避免因仓促提交而出现的低级错误。
回复信模板示例
以下是一个简化的英文回复信模板，供参考：
信函部分
[Date]
[Editor’s Name]
[Journal Name]
[Journal Address]
RE: Manuscript [Number/Title]
Dear [Editor’s Name],
We sincerely thank you for coordinating the review of our manuscript, [Manuscript Title], submitted to [Journal Name] on [Submission Date]. We are deeply grateful to the reviewers for their thorough and insightful comments, which have greatly enhanced the quality of our work.
In response to the reviewers’ suggestions, we have made substantial revisions to the manuscript, including [briefly list key changes, e.g., restructuring the methodology, adding new references]. All changes are highlighted using tracked changes in the revised manuscript. We believe these revisions have addressed all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the standards for publication in [Journal Name].
Thank you again for your time and consideration. We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Affiliation]
[Postal Address]
[Email Address]
逐条回复部分
Response to Reviewers’ Comments
Below, we address each reviewer’s comment in sequence. Reviewers’ comments are in black, and our responses are in red.
Reviewer 1, Comment 1: [Paste comment here]
Response: [Your response, e.g., Thank you for this suggestion. We have added…]
Reviewer 1, Comment 2: [Paste comment here]
Response: [Your response, e.g., We agree with this comment and have revised…]
最后
希望本文提供的结构建议、英文表达和注意事项能帮助你在投稿过程中更自信地应对大修要求，论文顺利发表！
