
在所有参考文献类型中,期刊类文献几乎构成了论文引用的主体:我们引用最多的是期刊论文,其次是杂志、报纸、新闻网站,近几年还越来越多地引用博客文章和在线评论。然而,也正因为“用得最多”,这一类文献反而最容易在格式上出问题。
AJE在昨天发布了参考文献引用中,关于作者、年份、标题、来源的变化格式指导。我们遵循的时APA 第七版风格指南,我们相信只要理解期刊论文引用格式的基本逻辑,大多数期刊类文献都可以在同一框架下准确处理。我们相信这可以让你在写英文论文时,可以直接对照使用,而不是反复查规范。

图源:APA 第七版风格指南官网
1. Journal article with a DOI
这是科研写作中最标准、也最推荐使用的一种期刊文章引用情形。只要期刊为文章分配了 DOI,APA 第七版明确要求优先使用 DOI,而不是数据库链接或期刊主页地址。对作者来说,这类引用几乎可以视为“模板型写法”,后续很多变体都是在这一结构基础上微调。
在 reference list 中,作者、年份、文章标题、期刊名、卷号、期号、页码以及 DOI 依次呈现,逻辑清晰,定位稳定。
示例:
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
对应的文中引用方式为:
- Parenthetical citation: (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)
- Narrative citation: McCauley and Christiansen (2019)
2. Journal article without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL
当期刊文章没有 DOI,但可以通过公开、稳定的网页地址直接访问全文时,APA 允许使用该 URL。这类情况在开放获取期刊或学术组织官网中非常常见。需要注意的是,这里的 URL 指的是非数据库页面,而不是通过机构账号才能访问的数据库链接。
示例:
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professionalresources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
文中引用方式为:
- Parenthetical citation: (Ahmann et al., 2018)
- Narrative citation: Ahmann et al. (2018)
3. Journal, magazine, or newspaper article without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
这是最容易被误写的一类情况。对于来自大多数学术数据库(如通过机构访问)或纸质出版物的文章,如果没有 DOI,APA 明确要求:不要在 reference list 中包含数据库名称或数据库 URL。
也就是说,哪怕你是从数据库下载的文章,只要它属于这类来源,就按“传统出版物”的方式写即可。
示例:
Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26–33.
Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicated calibration of love, especially in adoption. Chicago Tribune.
对应文中引用:
- Parenthetical citations: (Anderson, 2018; Goldman, 2018)
- Narrative citations: Anderson (2018) and Goldman (2018)
4. Journal article with a DOI, 21 or more authors
当一篇期刊论文的作者人数达到 21 人或以上 时,APA 第七版采用了简化规则:在 reference list 中,列出前 19 位作者,接着使用省略号(. . .),再写最后一位作者。
这种写法在大型合作项目、气候研究、基因组学等领域非常常见。
示例:
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. http://doi.org/fg6rf9
5. Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors
当作者列表中同时包含个人作者和团体作者时,APA 要求在作者位置中完整呈现团体名称,并且写法应与原文署名保持一致。
示例:
De Vries, R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
6. Journal article with an article number or eLocator
越来越多的电子期刊不再使用传统页码,而是采用文章编号(article number 或 eLocator)。在这种情况下,APA 要求在 reference list 中明确标注 “Article”,并且首字母大写。
示例:
Burin, D., Kilteni, K., Rabuffetti, M., Slater, M., & Pia, L. (2019). Body ownership increases the interference between observed and executed movements. PLOS ONE, 14(1), Article e0209899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209899
7. Journal article, advance online publication
如果文章已经通过期刊正式接受并上线,但尚未分配卷期页码,就属于 advance online publication。此时不写卷号、期号或页码,而是在期刊名后标注 Advance online publication。
示例:
Huestegge, S. M., Raettig, T., & Huestegge, L. (2019). Are face-incongruent voices harder to process? Effects of face–voice gender incongruency on basic cognitive information processing. Experimental Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000440
8. Journal article, in press
当文章已经被期刊接受,但尚未正式发表时,日期位置使用,而不是年份。这类文章在参考文献中是允许出现的。
示例:
Pachur, T., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer–seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
9. Journal article, published in another language
如果引用的期刊文章使用的语言与论文正文语言不同,APA 要求在 reference list 中提供文章标题的英文翻译,并用方括号括起。
示例:
Chaves-Morillo, V., Gómez Calero, C., Fernández-Muñoz, J. J., Toledano-Muñoz, A., Fernández-Huete, J., Martínez-Monge, N., Palacios-Ceña, D., & Peñacoba-Puente, C. (2018). La anosmia neurosensorial: Relación entre subtipo, tiempo de reconocimiento y edad [Sensorineural anosmia: Relationship between subtype, recognition time, and age]. Clínica y Salud, 28(3), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clysa.2017.04.002
10. Journal article, republished in translation
当文章是翻译后再发表的版本时,需要在 reference 中同时体现原始出版信息。
示例:
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (Original work published 1970)
11. Journal article, reprinted from another source
如果文章是从其他来源重新印刷的版本,APA 要求:先给出你实际使用的版本信息,再在括号中注明原始出版来源。
示例:
Shore, M. F. (2014). Marking time in the land of plenty: Reflections on mental health in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(6), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100165 (Reprinted from “Marking time in the land of plenty: Reflections on mental health in the United States,” 1981, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51[3], 391–402, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1981.tb01388.x)
12. Special section or special issue in a journal
当引用的是期刊中的专题版块或专刊时,编辑出现在作者位置,标题位置标明 [Special section] 或 [Special issue]。
示例:
Lilienfeld, S. O. (Ed.). (2018). Heterodox issues in psychology [Special section]. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 6(1), 51–104.
McDaniel, S. H., Salas, E., & Kazak, A. E. (Eds.). (2018). The science of teamwork [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 73(4).
13. Article from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane 数据库中的文章虽然来源特殊,但在 reference list 中,按期刊文章格式处理。
示例:
Mehrholz, J., Pohl, M., Platz, T., Kugler, J., & Elsner, B. (2018). Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5
14. Article from the UpToDate database
UpToDate 的内容会随时间更新,因此 APA 要求:
- 使用最后更新年份
- 必须包含 retrieval date
示例:
Morey, M. C. (2019). Physical activity and exercise in older adults. UpToDate. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physical-activity-and-exercise-in-older-adults
15. Magazine article
杂志文章通常需要完整日期,但并不一定有 DOI。
示例:
Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas. Science, 363(6422), 33–34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988
Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom Bissell. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with-tom-bissell
Weir, K. (2017, January). Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Monitor on Psychology, 48(1), 30.
16. Newspaper article
报纸文章的引用方式与杂志类似,但在部分情况下可能包含版面编号。
示例:
Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologistshave-some-predictions
Hess, A. (2019, January 3). Cats who take direction. The New York Times, C1.
17. Blog post
博客文章在 APA 中同样被视为期刊文献,只要它是持续发布的平台。
示例:
Klymkowsky, M. (2018, September 15). Can we talk scientifically about free will? Sci-Ed. https://blogs.plos.org/scied/2018/09/15/canwe-talk-scientifically-about-free-will/
18. Comment on an online periodical article or post
当引用的是在线文章下的评论时,评论者作为作者,标题可以是评论标题或前 20 个词,并注明评论对象。
示例:
KS in NJ. (2019, January 15). From this article, it sounds like men are figuring something out that women have known forever. I know of many [Comment on the article “How workout buddies can help stave off loneliness”]. The Washington Post. https://wapo.st/2HDToGJ
19. Editorial
Editorial 的写法与其所在出版物一致,但需在标题后标注 [Editorial](除非标题中已包含该词)。
示例:
Cuellar, N. G. (2016). Study abroad programs [Editorial]. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(3), 209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616638722
最后
回顾这 19 种 periodical 文献类型,你会发现 APA 第七版并没有刻意把事情复杂化。相反,它反复强调的,是一种基于来源本身做判断的引用思路:有没有 DOI,就用 DOI;没有,就看是否存在公开可访问的 URL;期刊信息存在就写,不存在就省略;内容是否会更新,决定是否需要 retrieval date。
在接下来的文章中中,无论是 Books、Edited Volumes,还是 Reports 与 Gray Literature引用形式,我们都将详细解答,欢迎大家持续关注。
